Galactic Archaeology with the Subaru Prime Focus Spectrograph
The Subaru Prime Focus Spectrograph (PFS) is the newest machine for astronomical observations of stars. Perched at the prime focus of the 8-meter Subaru Telescope on Maunakea, Hawai`i, PFS can obtain spectra of about 2,000 stars simultaneously. After two decades of preparation, the PFS survey began in March 2025, and it will last until 2031. The survey will include stars in the Milky Way; in the Great Andromeda Galaxy (a.k.a. M31) and its neighbor, the Triangulum Galaxy (a.k.a. M33); and in seven dwarf galaxies near the Milky Way.
Stars "remember" the composition of their host galaxy at the time they were formed. By comparing the elemental abundances in the oldest stars to the youngest stars, we can make a sort of "movie" of the build-up of elements over time. This technique is called galactic archaeology, where the stars are the "artifacts," and the galaxies are the ancient "civilizations." Galactic archaeology can (1) recreate the historical stories of galaxy creation and evolution and (2) teach us about the creation of the elements in stellar explosions that happened billions of years ago.
Now that we have the first spectra from PFS, the Galactic Archaeology group is working intensely on measuring the amounts of elements (C, Mg, Ca, Fe, and more) in stars and applying models of galaxy evolution to those measurements. Your place in our group can be in any one--or more--of these areas:
measuring chemical abundances from spectra
validating those measurements based on measurements of the same stars from the academic literature
making models of galactic chemical evolution
applying those models to measurements
comparing the results of those models to past results from the literature.
The following qualities will be considered strong advantages in your application:
The Notre Dame Galactic Archaeology group has four PhD students, one postdocs, and many undergraduate alumni. We are a vibrant, collegial group, and we enjoy working with undergraduates, from training to publication of data.
You will learn or refine your skills at scientific programming. These skills will help you in your future career in academia or industry.
This STRAND project has the potential to become a Physics Honors thesis. For that reason, Physics majors are especially encouraged to apply.